곰 - 말 - white - yellow

 

-곰-

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ằmù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: beaver; bear

Russian meaning: бобер; медведь

Turkic: *Kạma

Tungus-Manchu: *kuma

Korean: *kōm

Japanese: *kùmà

 

 

-말-

 

Proto-Altaic: *mórV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: horse

Russian meaning: лошадь

Turkic: *bura (?)

Mongolian: *mori

Tungus-Manchu: *murin

Korean: *mằr

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *ătV

Meaning: horse

Russian meaning: лошадь

Turkic: *ăt

Mongolian: *aduɣu-

Tungus-Manchu: *abdu-

 

 

 

 

 

-white-

 

Proto-Altaic: *bagu

Meaning: white, grey

Russian meaning: белый, серый

Mongolian: *buɣurul

Tungus-Manchu: *bag-

Korean: *pùhɨ́i-

Comments: Note Karakh. (MK, hap. leg.) bögrül 'a horse or sheep with white flanks' (EDT 328-329) - although the vocalism in this form is not clear.

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *i̯ā́k`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: light, white

Russian meaning: светлый, белый

Turkic: *Āk

Mongolian: *jagaɣan

Tungus-Manchu: *ixere

Korean: *ikɨr-

Japanese: *áká-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 110, 277. The final vowel is not quite clear: some languages point to *-i or *-e, others - rather to *-a.

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ā̀jri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: white

Russian meaning: белый; желтый

Turkic: *siarɨg

Mongolian: *sira

Tungus-Manchu: *siarū-

Korean: *hắi-

Japanese: *sìruà-

Comments: KW 349, Владимирцов 146, 318, Lee 1958, 117, АПиПЯЯ 26, 73, 86, 278, Мудрак Дисс. 195. Mong. is not borrowed from Turkic, despite Щербак 1997, 144 (Doerfer TMN 3, 221 says: "aus lautlichen Gründen unwahrscheinlich" (?)); the meaning 'yellow', however, may be secondarily induced by the Turkic forms - since the original meaning of the root, preserved also in Chuvash, was most certainly 'white'. Medial *-j- is reconstructed to account for the loss of *-r- in Kor. Cf. also Old Koguryo *šilap 'white' (see Miller 1979, 7).

 

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *šā̀k`a

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: white

Russian meaning: белый

Turkic: *čakɨr

Mongolian: *čagaɣan

Tungus-Manchu: *šāk-

 

 

 

 

-yellow-

 

Proto-Altaic: *k`ŭli

Meaning: yellow, brown, grey

Russian meaning: желтый, коричневый, серый

Turkic: *Kula

Mongolian: *küjilen

Comments: A Turko-Mong. isogloss. Mong. *küjile- regularly < *küli-le- with l-dissimilation. Turk. > Mong. qula (see TMN 3, 507, KW 195); Mong. > Evk. kula, Man. qulan, see Doerfer MT 100 > Kor. kora (mal) (see Lee 1958, 119).

 

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *ŋi̯ōle

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: red, pink; yellow

Russian meaning: красный, розовый; желтый

Turkic: *Āl

Mongolian: *öle

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋule-

Korean: *nùrɨ́-

Japanese: *mùrà-sákì

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 297. Turk. > Mong. al (KW 6, Щербак 1997, 97). The Jpn. parallel is quite convincing, despite a mismatch in tone (probably distorted in a long compound).

 

 

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ăŋe(rV) ( ~ z-)

Meaning: yellowish, greyish

Russian meaning: желтоватый, сероватый

Mongolian: *saɣar-

Tungus-Manchu: *siŋa(r)-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

 

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ū́jro

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: yellowish, light

Russian meaning: желтоватый, светлый

Turkic: *sūr

Mongolian: *sirga

Tungus-Manchu: *sür-

Korean: *sjǝ̄i-

Comments: Doerfer MT 241. The Mong. vocalism is not quite regular: perhaps -i- instead of u~o under the influence of the following *-j- (which has to be reconstructed to account for Kor. -i-).

 

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *sṑlV

Meaning: yellow, bleak

Russian meaning: желтый, бледный

Turkic: *sol-

Tungus-Manchu: *sō-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.