강 river..

Proto-Altaic: *ā̀mú

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: river, valley

Russian meaning: река, долина

Mongolian: *ama-n

Tungus-Manchu: *āmu-

Korean: *omi

Japanese: *ùmí

Comments: Cf. Amu-Darya in Turk.; Oyr. Umar 'big river (Ob').?

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *k`ébà

Meaning: river, bay

Russian meaning: река, залив

Tungus-Manchu: *xebe

Korean: *kái ( < *kabi)

Japanese: *kápà

Comments: Martin 250 (Kor.-Jpn.). An Eastern isogloss. The irregular high tone in MKor. may be due to contraction after the loss of *-b-. Cf. OT (MK Ganǯaki) kevli 'the mouth of a canal' (EDT 689).

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *k`óp`ìra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: rift (in a river), bridge

Russian meaning: порог, перекат (на реке), мост

Turkic: *köpür, -üg

Mongolian: *köɣürge

Tungus-Manchu: *xupuru

Japanese: *kápárá

Comments: Владимирцов 213, Poppe 127. Despite TMN 3, 586, Щербак 1997, 128, Mong. cannot be borrowed from Turk. Also, despite MT 136, Jurch. hufuru cannot be a Mong. loanword. In Jpn. we would rather expect *kupara; the -a- vocalism is either a result of later assimilation (in a long word), or an influence of *kápá 'river' (different etymologically, see *k`ébà).

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *najV(rV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: lake, river

Russian meaning: озеро, река

Mongolian: *naɣur

Tungus-Manchu: *niāru

Korean: *nāih

Comments: Should be kept apart from *ni̯úŕe, despite ОСHЯ 2, 89.

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *orusi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: river, to flow

Russian meaning: река, течь

Turkic: *örs, *örsen

Mongolian: *urus-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Phonetically a good match would be Jpn. *úrúsí 'lacquer' ( < *'liquid'?), but semantics raises doubts. Poppe 102 compares *urus- with Evk. urigden 'backwater' - the same comparison see in ОСНЯ 1, 240-241. Cf. also Yak. ürex, Dolg. ürek 'river' (Stachowski 253) - suggesting that *-si might be an original suffix.

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *i̯uge(ŕV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: river, small river

Russian meaning: река, речка

Turkic: *ügüŕ (~ *ö-)

Mongolian: *üjer

Tungus-Manchu: *ugē(r)- / *ug-be(n)

Korean: *jǝ̀hɨ́r

Japanese: *ùrà

Comments: KW 456, Владимирцов 323, (Turk.-Mong.), PKE 63 (Kor.-Turk.). Low tone in Jpn. (not matching the low tone in Kor.) is probably due to contraction. The Mong. form cannot be separated, despite TMN 2, 156 ("lautgesetzlich mit der tü. Form nichts zu tun"). one should also note PTM *üge-n 'river duct' (Neg. īɣen, Ud. jogo-so, Ul. ui-n, ТМС 1, 297, 2, 250); PT *ögen (OUygh. ögen, Oyr. ȫn).

 

 

 

Proto-Altaic: *ǯi̯ōlu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: river bed, stream

Russian meaning: русло реки, поток

Turkic: *jul

Mongolian: *ǯilga

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯila-

Comments: Лексика 89. A Western isogloss.